Lack of Sleep Can Make You Fatter

From the American College of Physicians issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine comes a study that suggests that there is a correlation between lack of sleep and weight gain. Chief author, Dr. Eve Van Cauter, Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago, states, "If you do not run a sleep debt, you will be able to curb your appetite more easily and maintain or lose weight."

A full article on the original research on the FitCommerce.com website notes that sleep deprivation increases levels of a hunger hormone and decreases levels of a hormone that can make you feel full. These 2 factors lead to cravings for sweets, chips, and starchy fare like bread and pasta thus setting up the scenario for weight gain.

According to the National Sleep Foundation, An estimated 63% of American adults do not get the recommended 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night. They report that the average adult gets 6.9 hours of sleep on weeknights and 7.5 hours on weekends, for a daily average of 7 hours. The researchers point out that the decline in time spent sleeping correlates to the rise in obesity in the U.S. Statistics show that less than one-quarter of young American adults sleep eight to nine hours per night -- down from about 41 % in 1960.

The article notes that this scenario sets up a downward cycle. Not having enough sleep leads to weight gain, then weight gain and obesity leads to sleep difficulties that can affect the quality of sleep and therefore cause even more sleep loss and therefore more weight gain.

"You're not healthy, unless your sleep is healthy."

Sleep Challenges

We need to understand why we need a good night's sleep, and in the majority of cases, more of it. If you habitually stay up late at night, but still get up early, you must understand that you are doing more harm than good. Research has shown that sleeping five hours or less per night is associated with a significant increase in heart disease. A lack of sleep has also been associated with migraines and chronic pain.

College students who slept four hours of sleep for six night produced only 50 percent of the antibodies from their shot (NOT promoting flu shots here). There is significant evidence that sleep deprived people consume more calories and higher amounts of fat in their daily diets.

Studies also suggest five hours of sleep and sedentary lifestyle habits can bring a person to a pre-diabetic level in a matter of two weeks.

As we learn more about the human brain, we are beginning to get insight into sleep. Some of the latest statistics are:

Nearly 60 percent of adults report having sleep problems.

Only 37 percent get the recommended hours per night.

About half of sleep problems are stress related.

American filled 60 million prescriptions for sleeping pills last year.

"Laugh and world laughs with you; snore, and you sleep alone!"

Can't Sleep; Try These Tips

If you want to maximize your health, wealth and youthfulness in the new year, start by sleeping the night away, soundly experts advise.

Lack of sleep runs up a high tab in injury and death on the highway and on the job, poor performance and reduced productivity in school and at work and, some studies suggest, increased susceptibility to ulcers, heart disease, obesity, depression and a host of age-related ailments.

With the dawn of a new year, the growing ranks of slumber scrooges should awaken to the costly and, at times, fatal consequences of skimping on sleep, and resolve to give their mind and body a richly deserved rest, scientists urge.

A UPI survey of 71 sleep specialists produced a number of suggestions that could lead you to the land of the sleeping. They include:

• Follow a routine of retiring and rising on a timeline that deviates by no more than two hours every day, even on weekends.
• Avoid caffeine, nicotine and alcohol, which suppresses deep sleep, within three to six hours, and heavy meals within three hours, of bedtime.
• Use your bed for resting or sleeping, not for doing extra office work, watching television or playing video games.
• Exercise moderately for 30 minutes daily, but no later than three hours before lights out.
• Sip warm milk, herb tea or other non-caffeinated drinks to raise body temperature. Also, try 3 to 5 dry saltine crackers (no water) before turning in for the night and help transport you to dreamland.
• Nibble on bananas, turkey, peanut butter or other foods rich in tryptophan, a compound that produces a natural sedative effect.
• Refrain from naps when you get home from work or school because they can reduce "sleep pressure" and, deter your subsequent ability to drift off for the night.
• Put work aside two to three hours before you go to sleep. Your mind has a tendency to focus on tasks you've recently focused on.
• If sleep fails to claim you within 20 minutes, get out of bed and read for a while, selecting soothing rather than stimulating material.
• Engage in massage, meditation, music, yoga, positive imagery, biofeedback, a warm bath or other techniques that help the brain kick back and unwind.
• Write a "worry list" of bothersome matters half an hour before bedtime and deal with it before your head hits the pillow.
• Keep the room quiet, dark and cool, and wear socks to sleep to keep toes toasty.
• Melatonin is a natural byproduct of your body, and induces sleep. Anything over 10mg is dangerous and you could face consequences. 3mg is suggested, and taken 20 minutes prior to bed. Thus, consult a doctor before taking melatonin. Take Melatonin only at bedtime, as it may produce insomnia if given at the wrong time.
• Dim the lights two to three hours and shut off the TV and computers 30 minutes before bedtime. Get out in bright sunshine for five to 30 minutes as soon as you arise to help set your brain's internal clock to your sleep-wake schedule.
• Enjoy and have sex. Studies and experience have identified sex as a sleep promoter.
• If slumber continues to elude you, I recommend a consultation with a sleep specialist.

Mouth Devices for Sleep Apnea

If you have been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea -- a condition in which relaxation of the muscles around the tongue and throat causes the tissues to block airflow to the lungs while you sleep
 -- there are a number of treatment options to discuss with your doctor. Two of the most widely used and most effective are continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and dental appliances, or mouth guards.

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

The most effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP blows air down your throat at night to keep your airways open while you sleep. The treatment is done using a CPAP machine, which consists of three main parts:

• Mask that fits over your nose -- or your nose and mouth -- and is held in place with straps while you sleep
• Motor that blows air
• Large tube called a cannula that connects the motor to the mask

CPAP machines are small, lightweight, and fairly quiet. If you travel, you should take your CPAP with you.

Benefits of CPAP include keeping your airways open while you sleep, easing snoring, improving sleep quality, relieving daytime sleepiness, and lowering blood pressure.

Although you will likely feel better rested and alert once you start CPAP, getting used to the device can take some time. Some people have difficulty sleeping the first few nights of treatment.

Side effects of CPAP use are minor and may include:

• Feelings of confinement from the face mask
• Sore or dry mouth
• Nasal congestion, runny nose, sinusitis, or nosebleeds
• Irritation and sores over the bridge of the nose
• Stomach bloating and discomfort
• Discomfort in chest muscles, which usually gets better after a while

If you are having any of these or other problems, speak to your doctor. An adjustment to your CPAP machine may make it more comfortable. Some CPAP machines have special features such as heated humidifiers to reduce problems such as drying of the airways. Other possible fixes include using a cushioned face mask, chin straps, and nasal saltwater sprays. Your doctor may have additional suggestions.

Mouth Devices

If you have mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea and can't tolerate or haven't been helped by CPAP, oral appliances may be an effective treatment option.

These devices, which must be fitted by a dentist or orthodontist, and worn in the mouth at night include:

Mandibular advancement device (MAD). The most widely used mouth device for sleep apnea, MADs look much like a mouth guard used in sports. The devices snap over the upper and lower dental arches and have metal hinges that make it possible for the lower jaw to be eased forward. Some, such as the Thornton Adjustable Positioner (TAP), allow you to control the degree of advancement. 

Tongue retaining device. Used less commonly than MAD, this device is a splint that holds the tongue in place to keep the airway open.

Natural Sleep Aids

Many people learn to function on just a few hours a night, but often times, lack of sleep catches up with you in a very objective manner. When you are sleep deprived, it's difficult to keep one's sense of humor, your patience, and also your ability to work with others.

What are the options for people who don't want to take prescription sleep medications but crave a good night's sleep?

Natural Sleep Aids: Dietary Supplements

Valerian is a dietary supplement that has been used since ancient times for insomnia and nervousness. Although many people use valerian as a sleep aid, its effectiveness has not been proven. MD's in most cases will not recommend it.

Chamomile, like valerian, is a traditional herbal remedy that has been used since ancient times to fight insomnia and a wide range of other health complaints. Chamomile is sold in the form of tea, extract, and topical ointment. Chamomile is widely available in health food stores and supermarkets. Chamomile's effectiveness as a sleep aid has not been widely researched in humans, but in animal studies it has been shown to be a safe and mild sleep aid.

Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin is believed to play a central role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms. Synthetic melatonin is a popular dietary supplement that is sold as a sleeping aid and antioxidant. There is evidence that melatonin eases circadian rhythm disorders like jet lag and delayed sleep phase disorders, but it hasn't been proven effective in treating insomnia or improving sleep quality in the long term.

While scientific research has not proven the effectiveness of many natural sleep aids, that doesn't mean they won’t help you sleep. People like to feel they are taking something.

A few cautions are in order. In the case of melatonin, for example, it is not advised to give it to children, especially boys, since there is evidence that it can affect testosterone levels. Be sure to consult your physician before you take any dietary supplement. Some supplements can interact with other medications or have unanticipated side effects.

Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, describes a variety of therapies that modify thought and behavior patterns. CBT has been used to effectively treat other conditions, including depression, phobias, and eating disorders. When used to treat insomnia, CBT helps patients alter thoughts and behaviors that disrupt sleep and trigger insomnia.

Programs for insomnia can include the following techniques:

Sleep hygiene helps patients improve their daily sleep habits by counseling them to go to bed and get up at the same time each day, avoid caffeine in the late afternoon and evening, monitor nighttime eating, and engage in relaxing activities before bed, for example.

The pineal gland is one of the most important techniques for sleep and stimulus control. Approximately 1 to 2 hours before retiring for the evening, turn off ALL electrical apparatus, including television, computers and dim the lights around you. This allows the pineal gland to "wind down" and develops a calming, sleep-induced rhythm association with sleep. Also, remove televisions and computers from the bedroom; the bed  should be used only for sleep and sex.

Sleep restriction limits the number of hours spent in bed, which helps increase sleep efficiency. Cognitive therapy helps patients understand and counter negative thoughts and misconceptions that keep them awake. Relaxation techniques help people relax with guided imagery, meditation, deep breathing, and muscle relaxation.

For those with serious insomnia problems, a sleep study is recommended.